Zero-point energy

Zero-Point (ZPE) ground state energy bụ nke kachasi ike nke quantum mechanical sistemu nwere ike inwe. N'adịghị ka mechanics oge gboo, sistemu quantum na-aga n'ihu gbanwee n'ọnọdụ ike ha kacha ala dịka ụkpụrụ na-ejighị n'aka Heisenberg kọwapụtara. Yana atoms na molecules, oghere efu nke vacuum state nwere ihe ndị a. Dị ka quantum field theory si kwuo, e nwere ike iche eluigwe na ala ọ bụghị dị ka ụmụ irighiri ihe dịpụrụ adịpụ kama na-aga n'ihu na-agbanwe field s: matter ubi, nke quanta bụ fermions (ya bụ, leptons na quark), na force fields, onye quanta ya bụ bosons (dịka, fotos na gluons). Ogige ndị a niile nwere ike enweghị isi. Oghere efu ndị a na-agbanwe agbanwe na-eduga n'ụdị mweghachi nke aether na physics, ebe ụfọdụ sistemụ nwere ike ịchọpụta ịdị adị nke ike a; Otú ọ dị, a pụghị iche na aether a dị ka onye na-ahụ maka anụ ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ ga-abụ Lorentz invariant nke na ọ dịghị ihe megidere Einstein's ozizi mmekọrịta pụrụ iche.

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Ìhè-quantum nwere ihe pụrụ iche na o doro anya na ọ na-akwụsị ịdị adị mgbe ọ nọ n'otu n'ime steeti ya guzoro ọtọ, ya bụ, ala efu, nke ume ya na ike ya, bụ efu. Mgbe a na-etinye ọkụ-quantum, enwere ike ịtụle ọ ga-amaba na steeti efu a, ma mgbe a na-ebupụta ya, a ga-eche na ọ ga-esi na steeti efu banye na nke ọ nọ n'anụ ahụ, nke mere na ọ dị ka ọ dịbu. kere. Ebe ọ bụ na enweghi oke na ọnụọgụ ọkụ-quanta nke enwere ike ịmepụta n'ụzọ dị otú a, anyị ga-eche na enwere ọnụọgụ ọkụ na-enweghị njedebe na steeti efu ...
- cite journal|author=Paul Dirac|title=Ụdị Quantum Theory of the Emission and Absorption of Radiation|journal=Proc. Roy. Soc.|Ụbọchị=1927|olu=A114| mbipụta=767|peeji=243–265|doi=10.1098/rspa.1927.0039|url=http://www.imotiro.org/repositorio/howto/artigoshistoricosordemcronologi27%/019 -%20DIRAC%201927%20First%20nzọụkwụ%20in%20quantum%20field%20theory%20Invention%20nke%20the%20second%20quantization%20method.pdf| nweta=17 October 2016

Otu olile anya na Debye ga-egosi n'oge na-adịghị anya ezighi ezi nke echiche efu nke ike efu, usoro ihe na-agaghị ekwe omume nke ya bịara pụta ìhè n'anya m obere oge ka m bipụtachara akwụkwọ ahụ mụ na Maazị Stern kwadoro. .
- Albert Einstein, leta gara Ludwig Hopf. 1913.cite book|odee=Albert Einstein|authorlink1=Albert Einstein|editor1-last=Klein|editor1-first=Martin J.|editor2-last=Kox|editor2-first=A. J.|editor3-last=Renn|editor3-first=Jürgen|editor4-last=Schulmann|editor4-first=Robert|title=Akwụkwọ ndị anakọtara nke Albert Einstein Vol. 5: Afọ Switzerland: Nkwukọrịta ozi, 1902-1914 | ụbọchị = 1995 | onye nkwusa = Princeton University Press press.princeton.edu/vol5-doc/| ibe=562-563|ref=harv

Ike efu efu ugbu a dịka ntu ọnụ ụzọ.
- Albert Einstein, leta gara Paul Ehrenfest. 1913. cite book|odee=Albert Einstein|authorlink1=Albert Einstein|editor1-last=Klein|editor1-first=Martin J.|editor2-last=Kox|editor2-first=A. J.|editor3-last=Renn|editor3-first=Jürgen|editor4-last=Schulmann|editor4-first=Robert|title=Akwụkwọ ndị anakọtara nke Albert Einstein Vol. 5: Afọ Switzerland: Nkwukọrịta ozi, 1902-1914 | ụbọchị = 1995 | onye nkwusa = Princeton University Press press.princeton.edu/vol5-doc

Na Theorie der Wärmestrahlung ya, Planck kwusiri ike na ịdị adị nke ike efu bụ ihe mba ọzọ na physics oge gboo. Agbanyeghị, ọ dị ka ihe dị ka mmụọ nke ọ siri ike jikọọ na nnwale.
- Helge Kragh:cite journal|title=Ihe na-ebute ike gbara ọchịchịrị: ike efu na vacuum speculations|journal=Archive for history of exact sciences|volume=66|issue=3 |afọ=2012|doi=10.1007/s00407-011-0092-3|peeji=199–240 arXiv.org preprint, ibe 8

A na m atụ egwu na ịkpọasị gị na ike efu efu na-agbatị n'echiche nke electrodynamic emission nke m webatara na nke na-eduga na ya. Ma gịnị ka a ga-eme? N'akụkụ nke m, a na m asị nkwụsị ume ọbụna karịa nkwụsị nke ikuku.
- Max Planck, leta nye Paul Ehrenfest. 1913. cite book|author=Thomas Kuhn|authorlink1=Thomas Kuhn|title=Black-Body Theory and the Quantum Discontinuity, 1894-1912|ụbọchị=1978|onye nkwusa=Oxford University Press|ebe=New York|isbn=0-19-502383-8|lccn=77019022|oclc=803538583|page=2harv3|ref

Anyị nọ ebe a nsogbu bụ́ isi dị ezigbo mkpa ihu. Ngwọta ya ka nwere ike ịchọ mgbanwe dị ukwuu na echiche anyị karịa echiche anyị ugbu a.
- cite akwụkwọ|onye edemede=Dennis Sciama|editor1-last=Saunders|editor1-first=Simon|editorlink1=Simon Saunders|editor2-last=Brown|editor2-first=Harvey R.|editorlink2 =Harvey Brown (onye ọkà ihe ọmụma)| aha = The Philosophy of Vacuum | ụbọchị = 1991 | onye nkwusa = Mahadum Oxford University | ebe = Oxford | isbn = 0198244495 oclc=774073198|ibe=157|ref=harv

Site na quantum tiori na-esote ịdị adị nke ihe a na-akpọ oscillations efu; dịka ọmụmaatụ, onye ọ bụla oscillator na nke kacha ala adịghị ezu ike ma na-agagharị mgbe niile banyere ọnọdụ nha ya. Ya mere oscillations electromagnetic enweghịkwa ike ịkwụsị kpamkpam. Ya mere, ọdịdị quantum nke oghere electromagnetic nwere n'ihi ya, ntụgharị efu efu nke ike ubi na steeti ume kacha ala, nke enweghị ìhè quanta na mbara igwe ... The zero point oscillations na-eme ihe na electron n'otu ụzọ ahụ. nkịtị eletriki oscillation eme. Ha nwere ike ịgbanwe eigenstate nke eletrọn ahụ, ma ọ bụ naanị na mgbanwe gaa na steeti nwere ike kacha nta, ebe ọ bụ na ohere efu nwere ike wepụ ike, ma ghara inye ya. N'ụzọ dị otú a radieshon mberede na-ebilite dị ka n'ihi ịdị adị nke ndị a pụrụ iche ubi ike kwekọrọ efu point oscillations. Ya mere, radieshon na-apụtaghị ìhè na-ebute radieshon nke ìhè quanta nke na-emepụta site na ntugharị efu nke oghere efu.
- cite journal|author=Victor Weisskopf|title=Nsogbu der neueren Quantentheorie des Elektrons|journal=Naturwissenschaften|ụbọchị=1935|olu=23|peeji=631–637|doi=10.10149/F100 |ref=harv

Zero-point Energy na Wikipedia Bekee.