Oil

Oil bụ ihe mmiri Kemịkalụ ọ bụla dị n'ụdị nonpolar viscous, na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ ma bụrụ ma hydrophobic (enweghị ike iji mmiri, n'ụzọ nkịtị "egwu mmiri") na lipophilic (na-enweghị ike na mmanụ ndị ọzọ). , n'ụzọ nkịtị "abụba ịhụnanya"). Mmanụ nwere nnukwu carbon na hydrogen ọdịnaya ma na-enwekarị ire ọkụ yana surface active.

Mmanụ, n'ozuzu

• Manu dị ụtọ, esi) nke chi dị iche iche, na mmanụ agwara agwa, mmanụ ntụsara ahụ́, mmanụ ísì ụtọ, mmanụ cedar maka ịchụ àjà bụ nke m.
  • Lahar, na Arụmụka n'etiti atụrụ na ọka (n'etiti ngwụcha narị afọ nke atọ TOA) ngalaba5/tr532.htm

• Enki na-edobere gị emume agụụ mmekọahụ e kere na [abzu]]; Kusu na-eguzobe ememe agụụ mmekọahụ nke a na-eme n'ụlọ ha kpọmkwem -- oven maka ehi, atụrụ na achịcha n'akụkụ ime ụlọ ịsa ahụ, ememe nsọ nsọ n'akụkụ ụlọ nsọ!
  
  Kusu ememe|na-asachapụ] mmanụ maka ụlọ. A na-etinye ya na njikere [...] iji hụ na ememe agụụ mmekọahụ dị nsọ adịghị eleghara anya, site na nnukwu mmiri mmiri, nnukwu ụlọ ịsa ahụ dị nsọ, akara aka a na-apụta: E-kic-nu-jal , jiri ọmarịcha ya, dais dị nsọ, na-eme ka ike dị ukwuu dị ebube nke eluigwe na ụwa zuo oke. Ị na-asa ahụ́ n'akụkụ oké osimiri ahụ n'akụkụ ọnụ ụlọ ịsa ahụ dị nsọ; ọ bu kwa manu nke ugwu ka i tiyere n'aru-gi; Nanna, a na-etinye gị n'elu dais gị majestic --ejiri ákwà linin mara mma kechie, na isi e weliri elu, mpi na-egbuke egbuke na pectoral nke Onyenwe anyị! site na nnukwu akụ gị, Onye-nwe Ningublaga na-edobe aka n'elu lapis-lazuli quay ya, nnukwu olulu mmiri, ebe nsọ. Mana site na Eridug, ele nke abzu Enki na-asachapụ mmanụ maka aka ndị ahụ. Ka i we tukwasi aka nsọ n'elu table nke onyinye-inata-iru-ọma-gi n'ulo-nri, bú ebe uku, onye-isi-ọchi-ya, Kusu, onye nēwesa aka na na-asachapụ aka--edo aka-ya nsọ. Mana site na Eridug, ele abzu na-asachapụ mmanụ maka aka ndị ahụ.
  • Banyere Nanna, A na-abụ abụ nye Nanna (Nanna E), onye na-amaghị aha odee, mbubreyo puku afọ nke atọ BCE, na |Eletrọnịkị Text Corpus nke Akwụkwọ Sumerian.

• [Mgbochi ahụ na-etinye ohere mberede n'ihe egwu maka ihe karịrị ndị ọrụ 500, ma na-eyi egwu] nkwenye ntụkwasị obi e mere n'etiti Ọfịs Wet'suwet'en na Province nke BC ịzụlite mmekọrịta ọhụrụ dabere na nkwanye ùgwù
  • Mike Farnworth B.C. Mịnịsta na-ahụ maka nchekwa ọha na-akatọ mmachi na saịtị pipeline Coastal GasLink (Nọvemba 16, 2021 ma ọ bụ February 5, 2018? lee foto na mbido isiokwu)

• Site na nrụrụ aka nke ọnọdụ ihu igwe na mpaghara n'ime ụbọchị na-abịa, Trans Mountain na-enyocha ọnọdụ ahụ nke ọma iji hụ na ndị ọrụ anyị nwere ike ịga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu n'enweghị nsogbu.
  • Trans Mountain Corp -1.5683067 ihu igwe siri ike maka BC, na-ebelata pipeline ịmalitegharịa dị ka praịm minista ileta (November 26, 2021)

Ụdị ndị akọwapụtara

Petroleum

"Onye ọ bụla na-eso ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ga-agwa gị na ọ naghị eme ihe ọ bụla ebe mmanụ si abịa," Keith Crane, ọkachamara n'ihe ike na RAND Corp.
Ahịa mmanụ zuru ụwa ọnụ na-ejikọta ọnụ, Crane na-ekwu, na mgbanwe n'otu akụkụ nke usoro ahụ nwere ike ịkpalite mmetụta n'ebe ndị ọzọ. Corey Flintoff.

Injinia mmanụ ala

• "Onye ọ bụla nke na-agbaso ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ga-agwa gị na ọ naghị eme mgbanwe ọ bụla ebe mmanụ si abịa," Keith Crane, ọkachamara n'ike na RAND Corp.
  Global kwuru. Ahịa mmanụ na-ejikọta ọnụ, Crane na-ekwu, na mgbanwe n'otu akụkụ nke usoro ahụ nwere ike ịkpalite mmetụta n'ebe ndị ọzọ.
  Ọ na-akọwa na U.S. amachibidola Iran n'ihi na ha anaghị ebubata mmanụ ya. Mana "ọ bụrụ na mmanụ Iran apụ n'ahịa [ụwa], ọ ka na-emetụta ọnụahịa na United States," Crane na-ekwu.
  • Corey Flintoff, "Ebee ka America na-enweta mmanụ? Enwere ike iju gị anya”, NPR, (Eprel 12, 2012).

• Iji jụọ ajụjụ "Gịnị bụ mmanụ?" ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ịjụ "Gịnị bụ ịhụnanya?"
  • John Gunther, N'ime U.S.A.' (1947), peeji nke 57.
• Ihe o kwuru bụ na anyị ga-aga n'ihu na-adabere na mmanụ Gulf Persian ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa ịchụ ndụ ndị America n'ọgụ maka mmanụ ahụ. Echeghị m na anyị kwesịrị ịlanarị ndụ ndị America na-alụ maka mmanụ onye ọzọ. N'ihi na agha na Middle East na Persian Gulf - ihe anyị ga-enweta bụ agha ma anyị agaghị enweta mmanụ. Na anyị ga-atụfu ọtụtụ ndị America na usoro.
  • Gary Hart, Democratic Candidates Candidates Debate. na Mahadum Columbia na New York City, (28 Maachị 1984)

• Akụkọ mmanụ ala ụwa bụ otu n'ime ihe jọgburu onwe ya nke mmadụ mara: n'ime ya, a na-akwa emo ụkpụrụ omume nke elementrị na nke ọha. Ọ bụrụ na mmanụ dị ike tụkwasị obi agaghịkwa ebukọrọ ihe ma na-eweda obodo anyị ala, ọ bụghị n'ihi na ndị a na-eri anụ aghọwo mmadụ, kama n'ihi na anyị emeriwo agha siri ike nke na-eme kemgbe mmalite narị afọ.
  • Muhammad Reza Pahlavi, Akụkọ Shah (1980), ibe 59.

Onyinye mmanụ anyị dị nchebe, ọ bụghị n'ihi na gọọmentị anyị na-eyi egwu iji ike mee ihe megide ndị ụwa, mana ọ ga-eme ka ndị na-ahụ maka mmanụ ga-eme ka ndị ụwa na-achọ mma.

. ~ David R. Henderson

• Ọ bụghị n'ihi na gọọmentị anyị na-eyi egwu iji ike imegide ndị ga-eme ka ọ ghara inwe nchebe, kama n'ihi na ndị na-ebu mmanụ n'ụwa chọrọ ime ego.
  • David R. Henderson, dị ka e hotara na Handbook of Oil Politics , dezie. Robert E. Looney, Routledge, Isi. 11 “Ndị Gọọmenti Ọ̀ Kwesịrị Ịga Agha Maka Mmanụ?” (2012) p. 144.

• Echere m na igwu mmiri Arctic bụ ara. Echere m na a ga-adụ mba dị iche iche n'ụwa ọdụ ka ha tinye mmachi na igwu mmanụ n'oké osimiri Arctic.
  • Al Gore, dị ka e hotara na the Guardian na 16 Julaị 2015.

• Ka mmadụ na-abịaru nso obodo ndị Nwamba nso, mmadụ na-ahụ mmiri dị arọ na nke siri ike, nke na-enwu dị ka brandi, na-esikwa n’afụ ọkụ mgbe etinyere ya ọkụ. Ọ bụkwa oke mmanu ka ndị Savage anyị niile na-eji ya tee isi na ahụ ha mmanụ.
  • Mmekọrịta Jesuit nke 1657 nke Le Jeune deziri, dịka qtd. na Old Frontier of France: The Niagara Region and Adjacent Lakes Under French Control Volume 1”, nke Frank dere Hayward Severance, (1917), p. 294.

• Ebe anyị na-ezute ya bụ Ganos; ebe onye uwe ojii kwesịrị ịnara otuto [Joncaire] mere ka obi sie m ike na ya ahụla isi iyi, nke mmiri ya dị ka mmanụ ma nwee ụtọ ígwè. O kwukwara na nwa ntakịrị gaa n'ihu, e nwere isi iyi ọzọ nke yiri ya, na ndị anụ ọhịa na-eji mmiri ya eme ka ahụ́ dajụọ ụdị mgbu niile.
  • Chabert Joncaire, dị ka qtd na "Ochie Frontier nke France: Mpaghara Niagara na ọdọ mmiri dị n'akụkụ n'okpuru njikwa French Mpịakọta 1”, nke Frank Hayward Severance, (1917), p. 294.

• N'afọ 1991, Landsat weghaara gburugburu ebe obibi ihe si na ya pụta nke agha. Ka ndị agha Iraki siri na Kuwait pụọ, ha gbara ọkụ karịrị olulu mmanụ 650 ma mebie ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 75 ọzọ, bụ nke wụsa mmanụ na-esighị ike gafee ọzara wee banye n'Ọwara Oké Osimiri Peasia.
  ọkụ gbara ọnwa iri. Dị ka ọmụmụ 2009 e bipụtara na Mgbochi na Nchịkwa Ọdachi, ndị ọrụ mgbanyụ ọkụ sitere na mba iri, akụkụ nke otu nzaghachi nke nwere ihe dị ka ndị ọrụ 11,450 sitere na mba 38, jiri teknụzụ ndị a maara nke ọma na nke a na-anwalebeghị mbụ iji gbanyụọ ọkụ. Mgbe agbanyụchara nke ikpeazụ na Nọvemba, ihe dị ka ọdọ mmiri 300 ka fọdụrụ, yana akwa nke soot na mmanụ dapụtara na mbara igwe wee gwakọta ya na ájá na gravel iji mepụta 'tarcrete' n'ofe pasent 5 nke ala Kuwait.
• E mere atụmatụ na a tọhapụrụ otu ijeri barel mmanụ na gburugburu ebe obibi. Mgbe ọtụtụ ọkụ gbachara, barel 25 ruo 40 gbasapụrụ n'ọzara yana nde barel 11 na Ọwara Persian, dịka akwụkwọ 2012 bipụtara na Remote Sensing of Environment si kwuo. Maka ntụnyere, 2010 Deepwater Horizon wụsara n'Ọwara Oké Osimiri Mexico ka a tọhapụrụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde barel mmanụ ise. Odida obodo Kuwait eweghachila ntakịrị. Mgbalị ime ka ọ dị ọcha ewepụla nde barel mmanụ 21 n'ọzara, mana e mere atụmatụ na otu nde barel ka dị.
  • NASA, "Landsat Top Ten - Kuwait Oil Fire", (07.23. 12).

• Ekwurula m ọtụtụ oge na ọ dịghị mba n’ụwa nke ga-achọta ọtụtụ ijeri barel mmanụ ma hapụ ya n’ala ebe a na-ere ya.
  • Justin Trudeau, na-ekwu maka Trans Mountain Pipeline. Dịka |The Guardian siri kwuo, Canada kwadoro controversial Kinder Morgan pipeline mmanụ" (30 November 2016).

Njikọ Mpụga

Oil na Wikipedia Bekee.

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