Grace Hopper
Ọdịdị
Grace Murray Hopper (9 Disemba 1906 - 1 Jenụwarị 1992) bụ onye ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri US, na onye mmemme kọmputa mbụ. Ọ bụ ya bụ onye mmepụta nke mbụ na-achịkọta asụsụ mmemme kọmputa; na ngwụcha ọrụ ya ọ bụ onye isi ọrụ kacha ochie na ndị agha mmiri United States.
Okwu okwuru
[dezie][[1984). Rụba ama na ndị mmadụ na-eji okwu ahụ bụ " ahụhụ" n'ọtụtụ usoro nka ogologo oge tupu nke ahụ; Thomas Edison ji okwu a, ọ bụkwa okwu AT&T a na-ahụkarị na 1920 na-ezo aka na chinchi dị na wires. A na-ekwu na Hopper mere ka a na-eji okwu ahụ eme ihe na mpaghara mgbakọ.
- N' ugbu a, anyị na-etinye ọtụtụ ihe na-adịghị mkpa ka ọ dị na mpempe akwụkwọ. Anyị kwesịrị idobe ndekọ. Mana ọ nweghị ihe kpatara ebipụta ha. Ọgbọ na-esote na-etolite na kọmputa ga-agbanwe nke ahụ.
- Dị ka e hotara na akwụkwọ akụkọ Chips Ahoy' nke US Navy ( Julaị 1986)
- 'Ọ dị mfe ịrịọ mgbaghara karịa ịnweta ikike.
- Dịka ekwuru na akwụkwọ akụkọ "Chips Ahoy" nke ndị agha mmiri US (July 1986)
- Ọdịiche: Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mma, gaa n'ihu mee ya. Ọ dị mfe ịrịọ mgbaghara karịa ịnweta ikike.
- Dị ka e hotara na Ewupụtara ịmụta: Akụkọ dị n'ime ka Rockwell Collins si bụrụ ezigbo nzukọ mmụta (2003) nke Cliff Purington, Chris Butler na Sarah Fister Gale, p. 171
- Ọdịiche: Nke ahụ na-ewetara m ndụmọdụ kachasị mkpa m nwere ike inye gị niile: ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ezigbo echiche, yana ọ bụ onyinye, achọrọ m ka ị gaa n'ihu mee ya. Ọ dị mfe ịrịọ mgbaghara karịa ịnweta ikike.
- Ọdịnihu: Akụrụngwa, Ngwanrọ, na Ndị mmadụ na Carver, 1983
- Agbapụtara n'ezie kemgbe etiti narị afọ nke 19[1].
- Enyere m onye ọrụ mbata na ọpụpụ paspọtụ m, o lere ya anya wee lee m, sị, “Gịnị ka ị bụ?”
- N'ịbụ onye isi ọrụ kacha ochie na ndị agha US, na N'ajụjụ ọnụ na 60 nkeji (24 August 1986)
- N'ime obi nkoropụ kpamkpam, akpọrọ m n'ụlọ injinia ahụ, m wee sị, 'Biko bepụ nanosecond ma ziga m ya"
- Na iji otu waya gosi otu ijeri nkeji nke abụọ nke ọkụ eletrik, na N'ajụjụ ọnụ na 60 nkeji (24 August 1986)
- Mgbe ihe dị ka otu izu gasịrị, akpọrọ m azụ wee sị, "Achọrọ m ihe iji tụnyere nke a. Biko enwere m ike ịnweta microsecond?"
- Na iji otu waya gosi otu nde nkeji nke sekọnd nke ọkụ eletrik, na N'ajụjụ ọnụ na 60 nkeji (24 August 1986)
- O nwere ihe ị na-amụta n’ogige ịta ahụhụ mbụ gị, ma ọ bụ ogige ọzụzụ: ' Ọ bụrụ na ha etinye gị n'ebe na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla ị ga-eme, hie ụra - ị maghị mgbe ị ga-enweta ọzọ.
- Enwere m onye nchịkọta na-agba ọsọ ma ọ nweghị onye ga-emetụ ya aka. ... ha ji nlezianya gwa m na kọmputa nwere ike ime naanị mgbakọ na mwepụ; ha enweghị ike ime mmemme.
- Dị ka e hotara na Grace Hopper: Navy Admiral and Computer Pioneer (1989) nke Charlene W. Billings dere, p. 74
- 'M na-enwekarị mmasị na ọdịnihu karịa na gara aga.
- Dịka ekwuru na The Reader's Digest (October 1994), p. 185
- 'Enwetala m ọtụtụ nsọpụrụ na enwere m ekele maka ha; mana enwetala m ihe nrite kachasị elu nke m ga-enweta, nke ahụ bụkwa ihe ùgwù na nsọpụrụ nke ijere ozi dị mpako na ndị agha mmiri United States.
- Dịka pụtara na mbipụta October 1986 nke Chips, akwụkwọ akụkọ teknụzụ ozi nke ndị agha mmiri.
- [Kọmputa] bụ igwe igwe mbụ wuru nke na-enyere ike ụbụrụ ya aka kama ike nke ogwe aka ya.
- Dịka ekwuru na Space Coast 1987 na-ekwu maka kọmputa Harvard Mark I. Kọmputa bụbu Ọ na-ezo aka na Mark I.
- Ha ga-aga nke ọma iji wuo ha ibu na ibu na ngwa ngwa na ngwa ngwa. Ha ga-aka mma iji wuo sistemụ kọmputa ma mee ka ha rụọ ọrụ n'otu aka ahụ. Anyị ga-emekwu nke ọma, ngwa ngwa. (…) Ihe atụ m bụ na laa azụ n'oge mmalite nke obodo a, mgbe ha na-ebugharị ihe dị arọ gburugburu, ha enweghị traktọ caterpillar ọ bụla na ha enweghị nnukwu cranes. Ha ji ehi. Ma mgbe ha nwetara nnukwu osisi n’ala, ma otu ehi enweghị ike ibugharị ya, ha agbalịghị ikuzi oké ehi. Ha ji ehi abụọ were.
- Na computing parallel, dị ka e gosiri na: (Cite journal|author=Corey Sandler|year=1983|ọnwa=12|title=Iso Grace|journal=PC Magazine|olu =2| mbipụta = 7 | ibe = 198-215|issn=0745-2500|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_pc-magazine_1983-12_2_7/page/206/mode/2up) (see okwu p. 207)
Amamihe na amamihe nke Grace Hopper (1987)
[dezie]- "The Wit and Wisdom of Grace Hopper" nke Philip Schieber na OCLC Akwụkwọ akụkọ, Nke 167 (March/April 1987)
- Ndụ dị mfe tupu Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, anyị nwere sistemu.
- 'Ndị mmadụ na-enwe ihe nfụkasị na mgbanwe. Ha na-enwe mmasị ịsị, "Anyị na-eme ya mgbe niile." M na-agbalị ịlụso ya ọgụ. Ọ bụ ya mere m ji nwee elekere na mgbidi m nke na-aga n'ihu elekere.
- Ọdịiche enwetaghị: Nkebiokwu kacha dị ize ndụ n'asụsụ a bụ, "Anyị na-eme ya otu a."
- Anyị na-emeju ndị mmadụ ozi. Anyị kwesịrị ịzụ ya site na processor. Mmadụ ga-atụgharị ozi ka ọ bụrụ ọgụgụ isi ma ọ bụ ihe ọmụma. Anyị na-echefu na ọ dịghị kọmputa ga-ajụ ajụjụ ọhụrụ."
- Ị na-achịkwa ihe, ị na-edu ndị mmadụ. Anyị gafere na njikwa wee chefuo onye isi.' Ọ nwere ike inye aka ma anyị gbapụ MBA na Washington.
Njiko Mpuga
[dezie]- Wit and Wisdom of Grace Hopper
- Grace Hopper in Chips, the United States Navy information technology magazine
- "Grace Murray Hopper", in Biographies of Women Mathematicians, at Agnes Scott College
- Website for the annual Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing
- Grace Murray Hopper Award
- Schlesinger Library Luncheon Series : Audio collection, 1979–1987 (inclusive): A Finding Aid, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University
- Grace Hopper on Late Night with David Letterman (2 October 1986)