Arthur Llewellyn Basham

Foto otu na-egosi T.V. Venkatachala Sastry (nke mbụ site n'aka nri) ya na A.L. Basham (nke atọ site n'aka ekpe) n'oge nzukọ na Mahadum Mysore.

Arthur Llewellyn Basham (24 Mee 1914 – 27 Jenụwarị 1986) bụ onye ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme ama ama na onye Indologist na onye dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ.

Okwu Ndị okwuru

• N'agbanyeghị na amachibidoro aha ya nke ukwuu site n'ọdịdị ya pụrụ iche, ihe ịrụ ụka adịghị ya na ụtọ asụsụ Panini bụ otu n'ime ihe ọgụgụ isi ​​rụzuru mmepe anya ochie, na nke zuru oke na sayensị ụtọ asụsụ nke e dere tupu n'ime narị afọ nke 19.
  • Prọfesọ A. L. Basham na: Daya Kishan Susu Na-ekwurịta Ike Dị nro nke India: Buddha na Bollywood, Palgrave Macmillan, 24 October 24 47.

• Oge nke ezi akụkọ ihe mere eme pụtara n'India bụ nnukwu ọgụgụ isi na nke ime mmụọ. Ndị omimi na ndị ọkà mmụta ụdị dị iche iche na-agbagharị na Ndagwurugwu Ganga, ha niile na-akwado ụdị ịdọ aka ná ntị nke uche na nhụsianya dị ka ụzọ isi nweta nzọpụta; ma afọ nke Buddha, mgbe ọtụtụ n'ime ndị kasị mma na-ahapụ ụlọ ha na ọrụ ha maka ndụ nke ndị na-adịghị mma, bụkwa oge ọganihu na azụmahịa na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. O mepụtara ọ bụghị naanị ndị ọkà ihe ọmụma na ndị ascetics, kamakwa ndị isi ahịa na ndị ikom na-eme ihe.
  • Ihe ebube ahụ bụ India" (1954).

• “Mmepeanya oge ochie nke India dị iche na nke Ijipt, Mesopotemia na Gris, n’ihi na e debewo ọdịnala ya n’emebighị ihe ruo ugbu a. Ruo n’oge ọbịbịa nke ọkà mmụta ihe ochie, ndị ọrụ ugbo Ijipt ma ọ bụ Iraq amaghị omenala ndị nna nna ya, ọ na-enwekwa obi abụọ ma onye Gris ibe ya ò nwere ihe ọ bụla ma e wezụga echiche ndị na-edoghị anya banyere Athens n’oge gara aga. ruo taa, akụkọ ifo ndị India kasị dị umeala n’obi maara na-echetara aha ndị isi na-enyo enyo bụ́ ndị dịrị ndụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu puku afọ tupu Kraịst, na Brahman na-ekpe okpukpe okpukpe na-ekpeghachi abụ ndị e dere ọbụna na mbụ India na China nwere, n’ezie, omenala omenala ndị kasị ochie na-aga n’ihu n’ụwa.”
  • A.L.Basham na ya "The Wonder That was India" nke e hotara na [1] [Akụkọ a bụ isi ihe sitere na edemede "Sita Ram Goel, ncheta na echiche" nke S. Talageri dere, nke edere maka Sita Ram Goel Comume naanị. Onye mgbasa ozi", nke Koenraad Elst deziri, nke e bipụtara na 2005.

• “N’ọtụtụ oge n’iche ihe mere eme ya India, ọ bụ ebe ahụ na ọ bụ òtù, agha n’etiti mba na-etisa. N’ọ na-adịghị ike mbụ nke ndị ohu dị ole na ole, ọ na-adịghịkwa akwụkwọ iwu oge ochie nke a na-echebe nke ọma dị ka ọ dị na Arthasastra, ọ dịghị onye ọzọ na-enye iwu n’oge ochie jiri kwusara ụdị egwuregwu dị mma na magụ abụọ, ma eleghị anya, ma eleghị anya, ma eleghị anya, ma eleghị anya, ma eleghị anya, ma eleghị anya, ọ dị ka ọ dị na Arthasastra. n'odịnala ndị mbụ ndị ọzọ, ọ dị nro na anyị akpa pụta ìhè nke ike ndị India oge ochie bụ mmadụ ya (p.8-9).
  • A.L.Basham na ya "The Wonder That was India" nke e hotara na [2] [Akụkọ a bụ isi ihe sitere na edemede "Sita Ram Goel, ihe na echiche" nke S. Talageri nwere dere, nke C e dere maka Sita Ram Goel , nke C e dere maka Sita Ram Goel. Onye mgbasa ozi”, nke Koenraad Elst deziri, nke e eserese na 2005.

• Prọfesọ Arthur Basham (d. 1986), onye isi ikike na omenala ndị India oge ochie naanya Oriental, na-ede okpukpe agha nke oge ochie nke India na 'N'ihe ihe mere eme ya nile nke agha, Hindu India nwere ike mere ole na ole ike obodo ndị a na-etinye na mma agha ma ọ bụ nke iwepụ nke ndị na-akpata ndị agha. Obi iru ala jọgburu onwe ya nke ndị eze Asiria, bụ́ ndị kpụpụrụ ndị ha dọtara n’agha ná ndụ, akara ihe ya na India oge ochie. N'anya anyị ihe kacha pụta ìhè nke ntaanya oge ochie nke India bụ mmadụ ya.'
  • cdlxxviii Basham AL (2000) The Wonder That was India, South Asia Books, Columbia, p. 8–9 dị ka ekwuru na MA Khan Islamic Jihad: Ihe nketa nke izi mmanye, tinye ukwu na ịgba ohu (2011)

• In A Cultural History of India, A.L. Basham na-ekwu na “[site na] apụ nke ise OA, steeti ndị India, ya bụ, steeti ndị ahaziri n’usoro nke echiche echiche , India na e nwere ihe Buddhist ma ọ bụ onye Hindu, guzobewo onwe ha n’ọtụtụ mpaghara Burma, Thailand, Indo-China, Malaysia, na Indonesia”.
  • A.L.Basham in his “The Wonder That Was India” quoted in [3] [This article is a major extract from the article "Sita Ram Goel, memories and ideas" by S. Talageri, written for the Sita Ram Goel Commemoration Volume, entitled "India's Only Communalist", edited by Koenraad Elst, published in 2005.

• “N’ọtụtụ oge n’akụkọ ihe mere eme ya India, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ òtù ọdịbendị, agha n’etiti mba na-etisa. N'ọ dịghị mmepeanya mbụ nke ndị ohu dị ole na ole, ọ dịghịkwa akwụkwọ iwu oge ochie nke a na-echebe nke ọma dị ka ọ dị na Arthasastra, ọ dịghị onye ọzọ na-enye iwu n'oge ochie kwusara ụdị egwuregwu dị mma n'ọgụ dị ka Manu. obi abụọ adịghị ya, ma, ma e jiri ya tụnyere ọnọdụ n'ọdịnala ndị mbụ ndị ọzọ, ọ dị nro nye anyị akụkụ kasị pụta ìhè nke mmepeanya ndị India oge ochie bụ mmadụ ya. (p.8-9).
  • A.L.Basham na ya "The Wonder That was India" nke e hotara na [4] [Akụkọ a bụ isi ihe sitere na edemede "Sita Ram Goel, ncheta na echiche" nke S. Talageri dere, nke edere maka Sita Ram Goel Comume naanị. Onye mgbasa ozi", nke Koenraad Elst deziri, nke e bipụtara na 2005.

• Prof. Arthur Basham (d. 1986), onye isi ikike na omenala ndị India oge ochie na mmepeanya Oriental, na-ede banyere ụkpụrụ agha nke oge ochie nke India na 'N'akụkọ ihe mere eme ya nile nke agha, Hindu India nwere akụkọ ole na ole ịkọ banyere obodo ndị a na-etinye na mma agha ma ọ bụ nke mgbuchapụ nke ndị na-abụghị ndị agha. Obi iru ala jọgburu onwe ya nke ndị eze Asiria, bụ́ ndị kpụpụrụ ndị ha dọtara n’agha ná ndụ, enweghị ihe jikọrọ ya na India oge ochie. N'anya anyị ihe kacha pụta ìhè nke mmepeanya oge ochie nke India bụ mmadụ ya.'
  • cdlxxviii Basham AL (2000) The Wonder That was India, South Asia Books, Columbia, p. 8–9 dị ka ekwuru na MA Khan Islamic Jihad: Ihe nketa nke mgbanwe mmanye, alaeze ukwu na ịgba ohu (2011)

• In A Cultural History of India, A.L. Basham na-ekwu na “[site na] narị afọ nke ise OA, steeti ndị India, ya bụ, steeti ndị ahaziri n’usoro ọdịnala nke echiche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị India na ịgbaso okpukpe Buddhist ma ọ bụ okpukpe Hindu, guzobewo onwe ha n’ọtụtụ mpaghara Burma, Thailand, Indo-China, Malaysia, na Indonesia”.
  • Akụkọ ọdịnala nke India, A.L. Basham. Dịka ekwuru na Nwa-atụrụ, 1975:442–43 . Nwa atụrụ, Alastair. 1975. 'Mmetụta India na Ancient South-East Asia'. Na Akụkọ Omenala India. Ed. A.L. Basham. London. Mahadum Oxford Press. na na Malhotra R. & Babaji S.D. (2020). Sanskrit anaghị atụgharị asụsụ: mkpa nke sanskritizing bekee. Amaryllis

• "N'otu aka ahụ, ndị Harappa bụ ndị teknụzụ tupu oge ha dịkọrọ ndụ - ha emepụtala ihe ọkụkụ na ezé na-adịghị mma , nke mere ka uzuzu nwee ike ịgbapụ kpamkpam site na ịkpụ, ma mee ka ọrụ ọkwá nkà dị mfe. Site na nke a anyị nwere ike iche na ha nwere nkà pụrụ iche na-arụ ọrụ nkà. "
  • ekwuru na Nsogbu nke Aryan Origins nke K.D. Sethna, Aditya Prakashan, New Delhi, 1992.

• Ịgba akaebe ziri ezi maka eziokwu ahụ echereghị, ọ nweghịkwa ọdịnala nke ụlọ mbụ gafere oke na-adị ndụ na India.
  • A.L. Basham, Oxford History of India, [5] e hotara na S. Talageri, The Aryan Invasion Theory and Indian Nationalism (1993)

• Isi isi nke ogidi Asoka, ụfọdụ n'ime ha nwere ike mee tupu ọchịchị ya, bụ ihe osise mbụ dị mkpa mgbe nke obodo Indus gasịrị.
  • ekwuru na Ancient India n'ìhè ọhụrụ nke K.D. Sethna

• Ọdụm ndị a ma ama nke kọlụm Sarnath na ndị na-amachaghị mma ma mara mma nke kọlụm nke Rampurva bụ ọrụ nke ndị na-akpụ akpụ, na-adabere na omenala Iranian na ndị Hellenist ... N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, ọ bụrụ na anyị amaghị na ohere nke mmetụta Western dị adị, anyị nwere ike na-atụ aro na ihe ọkpụkpụ anụmanụ nke ogidi ndị ahụ bụ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ nke na-esi ísì ụtọ nke na-egosi n'ezie na-esi ísì ụtọ nke endu. maka mmalite mmepeanya.
  • ekwuru na Ancient India n'ìhè ọhụrụ nke K.D. Sethna